WHAT CONSTITUTES KUFR (DISBELIEF)

WHAT CONSTITUTES KUFR (DISBELIEF)?
Courtesy : Al-Haramain.org

The following points list twelve actions or beliefs that
would categorize someone as a kaafir or a murtadd (apostate).
This list is not intended to be comprehensive, however it is general and every
person should be forewarned against the matters mentioned therein. Kufr should
be recognized and acknowledged by the Muslims in general so that they know how
to protect themselves from its dangers.


We must however remember never to be hasty in labeling one
who claims to be Muslim as a kaafir (disbeliever) or murtadd
(apostate) without clear and irrefutable evidence. An assignation or
specific ruling of kufr (disbelief) for such a person should generally be left
to the scholars of Islam. Kufr (disbelief) is of two types: action
('amaly) and belief ('itiqaady ), some of which may be termed
"kufr doona kufr" that is, a degree of kufr less than the total kufr which does
not necessarily put one outside of Islam although such a person's Islam may be
doubtful or in grave danger. This is the explanation of Qur'aan 5:44 by the
companion Ibn Abbaas (radiallahu 'anhu) collected by Ibn Jareer and quoted by
Ibn Katheer on the authority of 'Ataa.


Ibn Umar (radiallahu 'anhu) reports that the Prophet
(sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) said "Any person who called his brother
'O Unbeliever' (has in fact done an act by which this kufr) would return to one
of them. If it were so as he (the accuser) asserted, (the kufr of the accused
would be confirmed, but if the kufr was not true) then it returned to him (the
man who called his brother Muslim a kaafir)." Muslim.


There are matters which may indeed indicate or even
necessitate that a person be a disbeliever (kaafir) such as defiling the Qur'aan
or cursing the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) regardless of what the
person espouses and it is only Allah who knows the unseen. As humans we can only
judge or make determinations from what is outwardly evident.


1. To disavow Allah's Lordship (Ruboobiyah) or Deity and
singular right to be worshipped (Uloohiyah) [Qur'aan 4:48 & 116, 5:72,
39:2-3, 51:56] or the message of any of the Messengers of Allah (Tawheed)
[Qur'aan 10:35, 16:36] or to claim that any Messenger or Prophet (Rasool or
Nabiy) came after the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam). [Qur'aan
6:93, 6:21, 7:37, 11:18-19, 18:15, 29:68, 33:40, 39:32, 61:8]


2. To deny or reject any of Allah's Attributes or Names
(Asmaa was Sifaat) i.e. Living, Knowing, Hearing, Seeing, Merciful, having a
face and hands (though we know not in what manner yet certainly not like His
creation), or to add to them that which is not mentioned in the Qur'aan or
authentic Sunnah. i.e. Belief that Allah is not above His creation & that He
is everywhere or in everything or to attribute any quality that is Allah's alone
to man [Qur'aan 4:48, 6:18 & 61, 10:3, 68 - 69, 20:5, 35:10, 42:11, 72:26 -
27, Ch. 112]


3. Setting up intermediaries between oneself and Allah,
making supplication to them, asking their intercession, and placing one's trust
in them. Calling upon the dead, asking them for help, or offering them gifts or
sacrifices is all shirk. [Qur'aan 2:165 & 255, 5:72, 30:52, 39:44]. To give
any of the creation that which is due to Allah alone or to be pleased with being
given worship besides Allah in any manner [Qur'aan 21:29] thus making or
becoming a taaghoot (pl. tawaagheet).


4. To curse, abuse the Name of Allah, to deny or to revile
Him or any of His Messengers or Prophets or Angels. [Qur'aan 2:285, 4:136, 6:10,
57:19]


5. To deny, stop, or reject any Fard (obligatory) duty of
the Sharia (Divine Law) i.e. Salaah, Zakaah, Saum, Hajj, Kindness to parents, or
Jihad. [Qur'aan 4:50, 64-65, 80] or to turn away from the religion by not
learning or practicing it's precepts. [Qur'aan 32:22]


6. To deem or to make permissible (halaal) what is clearly
forbidden (haraam) -i.e. adultery, fornication, drinking alcohol, taking drugs,
theft, murder, sorcery, magic; or to make what is halaal haraam - i.e. to eat
meat or seafood, marry plural wives, women to veil, etc. [Qur'aan 2:102,
174-176,4:69, 6:157]


7. To deny or reject any chapter, verse, or letter from the
Book of Allah (Al-Qur'aan) or to purposely give it deviant interpretations
[Qur'aan 3:7, 6:21] i.e. not derived from the Qur'aan itself, the authentic
Sunnah of Muhammad (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) [Qur'aan 6:153, 16:64] or
according to established methods of tafseer. Abu Hurairah (radiallahu 'anhu)
reported that the Rasool (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) said, "Don't pursue that
which you have no knowledge of". Ahmed. [Qur'aan 4:59, 10:68-70].


8. To openly show disdain, scorn, contempt for, or treat
with levity the Deen of Islam or it's tenets, obligatory injunctions or it's
traditions. [Qur'aan 4:140] To ridicule and deride them or to treat the Qur'aan
as a piece of garbage or filth or to trample or abuse it as an insult. [Qur'aan
4:83, 140, 6:4-5, 7:50-51, 9:63-66, 20:124, 41:26 27]


9. To disbelieve in the Resurrection, Punishment, or Goodly
reward on the Day of Reckoning or that punishment and reward are only abstract,
symbolic or spiritual. [Qur'aan , 56:1-2, 67:8-10, 69]


10. To say that the Righteous (Awliyaa') are above the
Prophets ('alaihimus salaam) or that some of the Righteous are exempt from acts
of worship prescribed by Islam according to the Sunnah of Muhammad (sallallahu
'alaihi wa sallam). [Qur'aan 3:85, 8:34, 10:62-63]


11. To rule or judge by other than that which Allah
revealed. This is of different types and the ruling differs depending on the
beliefs and actions. Whoever rules by other than what Allah has revealed viewing
it or believing it to be superior or better than Allah's sharia is considered a
disbeliever by all the Muslims. Likewise, the one who substitutes the sharia
with man-made laws and views that as permissible, even if he says that to rule
by the sharia is better, is a disbeliever because he has made halaal what Allah
has made haraam. If one rules as described following whims or in opposition to
someone (i.e. not viewing it as equal, a substitute or superior as described
above) he is considered a major sinner. [2:120, 3:85, 4:115, 5:3, 44, 49, 50,
33:36, 45:18, 58:22]. [explained in detail in Fataawa Ibn Baz, Vol. 1 Rulings on
'Aqeedah, pg. 991]


12. To support or aid the polytheists (mushrikoon) against
the Muslims. [3:28. 118, 4:51, 5:57]